Mandarin 1

Initials

A syllable in Chinese is composed of an initial, which is a consonant that begins the syllable, and a final, wich covers the rest of the syllable.

b	p	m	f
d	t	n	l
g	k	h
j	q	x
z	c	s
zh	ch	sh	r

• m, f, n, l, h and sh are pronounced as in English.
• d like "d" in "bed" (unaspirated)
  j like "g" in "genius" (unaspirated)
  z like "ds" in "beds"
  zh like "j" in "job"
  b like "p" in "spin" (unaspirated)
  g a soft unaspirated "k" sound
  x like "sh" in "sheep" but with the corners of the lips drawn back
  r somewhat like "r" in "rain"
• Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the so-called "aspirated" consonants. It is necessary to breath heavily after the consonant is pronounced.
  p like "p" in "pope"
  t like "t" in "tap"
  k like "k" in "kangaroo"
  q harder than "ch" in "cheap"
  c like "ts" in "cats"
  ch (tongue curled back, aspirated)
• Distinction between certain initials:
  b / p   d / t   g / k   j / q   z / c   zh / ch

Finals

In modern Chinese, there are 38 finals besides the above-represented 21 initials.

	i	u	ü
a	ia	ua
o		uo	üe
e	ie
er
ai		uai
ei		uei (ui)
ao	iao
ou	iou (iu)
an	ian	uan	üan
en	in	uen (un)	üen
ang	iang	uang
eng	ieng	ueng
ong	iong

• ie like "ye" in "yes"
• e like "e" in "her"
• er like "er" in "sister" (american pronounciation)
• ai like "y" in "by" (light)
• ei like "ay" in "bay"
• ou like "o" in "go"
• an like "an" in "can" (without stressing the "n")
• -ng (final) a nasalized soung like the "ng" in "bang" without pronouncing the "g"
• uei, uen and iou when preceded by an initial, are written as ui, un and iu respectivly.

Tones

Mandarin Chinese has four pitched tones and a "toneless" tone.

Tone	Mark	Description
1st	dā	High and level
2nd	dá	Starts medium in tone, then rises to the top
3rd	dǎ	Starts low, dips to the bottom, then rises toward the top
4th	dà	Starts at the top, then falls sharp and strong to the bottom
Neutral	da	Flat, with no emphasis

Tones Changes

A 3rd tone, when immediatlely followed by another 3rd tone, should pe pronounced in the 2nd tone.

Nǐ hǎo = Ní hǎo

Conversation

- - Zài 再 jiàn 见 ! ！

nǐ (pro) You hǎo (adj) good, well nǐhǎo! Hello, How are you? zài (adv) again jiàn (v) see zàijiàn! Goodbye!

Calligraphy exercises

4 first chinese characters : 你，好，再 et 见. Learn the stroke order.
Click on the picture to get more information about the character.

Learn Chinese Characters